Optimization studies on turbidity removal from cosmetics wastewater using aluminum sulfate and blends of fishbone

Abstract This research is centered on the optimization of coagulation–flocculation treatment cosmetic wastewater. It analyzes blends fishbone (BFB) and aluminum-based coagulant (ABC) to determine efficacy BFB as a potential coagulant–flocculants aid at optimum conditions using response surface methodology (RSM). The experiment was carried out employing standard nephelometric procedure 1000 rpm stirring rate. central composite design (CCD) used examine interactions pH, dosage, settling time maximize turbidity removal efficiency ABC- BFB-driven coag–flocculation. optimal for ABC were obtained 10, 0.1 g/L, 2 min, while pH 6, 0.4 4 min recorded following established quadratic model RSM. plots 80% 88%, respectively; this corresponds 262 NTU 288 from wastewater conditions. kinetics result indicated that rate constant ( K f ) 3 × 10 −3 (L/g min) surpassed 5 −5 second-order coag–flocculation reaction, with correlation coefficients R values 0.999 0.9985, respectively. also applied cost–benefit analysis determination BFB. figure shows benefit will save $5.50 compared based work. At conditions, satisfied environmental protection agency industrial discharge, promising purification purpose preservation environment.